A **TridentNet Block** is a feature extractor used in object detection models. Instead of feeding in multi-scale inputs like the image pyramid, in a [TridentNet](https://paperswithcode.com/method/tridentnet) block we adapt the backbone network for different scales. These blocks create multiple scale-specific feature maps. With the help of dilated convolutions, different branches of trident blocks have the same network structure and share the
same parameters yet have different receptive fields. Furthermore, to avoid training objects with extreme scales, a scale-aware training scheme is employed to make each branch specific to a given scale range matching its receptive field. Weight sharing is used to prevent overfitting.

**Residual Blocks** are skip-connection blocks that learn residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. They were introduced as part of the [ResNet](https://paperswithcode.com/method/resnet) architecture.
 
Formally, denoting the desired underlying mapping as $\mathcal{H}({x})$, we let the stacked nonlinear layers fit another mapping of $\mathcal{F}({x}):=\mathcal{H}({x})-{x}$. The original mapping is recast into $\mathcal{F}({x})+{x}$. The $\mathcal{F}({x})$ acts like a residual, hence the name 'residual block'.

The intuition is that it is easier to optimize the residual mapping than to optimize the original, unreferenced mapping. To the extreme, if an identity mapping were optimal, it would be easier to push the residual to zero than to fit an identity mapping by a stack of nonlinear layers. Having skip connections allows the network to more easily learn identity-like mappings.

Note that in practice, [Bottleneck Residual Blocks](https://paperswithcode.com/method/bottleneck-residual-block) are used for deeper ResNets, such as ResNet-50 and ResNet-101, as these bottleneck blocks are less computationally intensive.

Residual Block

Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

TridentNet Block

Scale-Aware Trident Networks for Object Detection

**Local Augmentation for Graph Neural Networks**, or **LA-GNN**, is a data augmentation technique that enhances node features by its local subgraph structures. Specifically, it learns the conditional distribution of the connected neighbors’ representations given the representation of the central node, which has an analogy with the [Skip-gram of word2vec](https://paperswithcode.com/method/skip-gram-word2vec) model that predicts the probability of the context given the central word. After augmenting the neighborhood, we concat the initial and the generated feature matrix as input for GNNs.

Source	Scale-Aware Trident Networks for Object Detection
Year	2000
Data Source	CC BY-SA - https://paperswithcode.com